پژوهشنامه متین
پیاپی 49 (زمستان 1389)

Social justice is among the strong aspects of human life, without which human beings are not able to realize the meaning of life while the society is not sustained without attempts for establishment of justice. Moreover, justice and equity and egalitarianism and equity-seeking are two aspects of man’s nature. Any person enjoying a sane reason would move towards justice with a special attraction. Justice and equity are not only a factor for growth, development, welfare and security in the society but are also effective in establishment of unity and integrity in the society. Attempts have been made in the present study to elucidate justice in the viewpoint of Imam Khomeini and his ideas about social justice. In this regard in the first place, the concepts of justice and equity in Islamic thought are discussed in a historical perspective and then the meaning and topics of justice are studied. Finally, the solutions given by Imam Khomeini for the realization of social justice have been inferred from his writings and speeches.

The declaration of "the end of revolution" and beginning of the institution draws the attentions towards an actualized reality, which despite its definiteness has not been properly acknowledged, while paying due attention to it and its acknowledgement will leave considerable impacts on the current realities and practices.Bewilderment with regard to the issue whether the Iranian society is still in "revolution" or has put it behind and entered the stage of "institution" has not only preoccupied the people and the executives, but also the theoreticians and political activists and hence they are in limbo about the revolution or at least have not yet given a clear answer to it.Providing an answer to this question requires reflection on some other fundamental issues such as the "originality of revolution", "basis of determination and delimitation of turning points of revolution", "characteristics of a victorious revolution", "signs of conclusion", "requirements of stabilization of the new system" and finally "the differences between the two conventional conditions before and after the revolution".

Isolation of the Quran means lack of attention to its doctrines and teachings by the addressees. Having faith in the all-comprehensiveness of the Quran, Imam Khomeini maintained that political and social aspects of the teachings of the Quran did not receive the due attention of the Muslim societies. In his viewpoints, both Muslims and non-Muslims were responsible for the isolation of the Quran. Some of the factors behind the isolation of the Quran in his viewpoints are: lack of due attention to the Household of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) of Islam, confining one to the appearances of the Quran, ossification and fanaticism, enemies attempts to project Quran ineffective in social and political fields, incorrect interpretations of the Quran, oppression of the rulers and cultural alienation and lack of confidence.

Without any doubt, in order to offer a methodological study of level of political development or to offer a theory for assessment of political development one has to take into consideration the factors or indexes of political development. The main thrust of this paper is to study indexes and factors of political development in viewpoint of Imam Khomeini. Western theorists look for a mundane political development by exclusion of tradition and religion and through maximum realization of material utilization. However, Imam Khomeini looks for sublime political development with centrality of God in the political system. At the top of political development, he puts forth the materialization of the divine religion and the idea of monotheism and hence all indexes of political development are under these principles. He considers the realization of three major indexes necessary: felicity-centered rationality, individual inference and rule of jurisprudence, and realization of ethical politics. He also enumerates several minor indexes for the political development. The present paper is an attempt to discuss the indexes of political development in viewpoint of Imam Khomeini through an intertextual analysis.

Hijab is one of the established principles of religion and obligations of Islamic sharia. In our society hijab, besides its religious aspects has become a law for women from different walks of life to observe. However, the issue of hijab has been challenged because of different incentives. One of these challenges is that, although hijab has been mentioned in the Iranian law and is mandatory for women to observe and failure to observe hijab is an offense, there is not a clear definition about hijab and its limits. Moreover, the Islamic system has not yet defined the limits of hijab it recommends in a legal framework. Since the legal solution to clarification of ambiguity of legal articles according to the Article 167 of the Constitution is reference to authentic jurisprudential sources, attempts have been made in the present study to offer a definition of hijab by referring to the Quranic verses, traditions and Imam Khomeini’s works. Some suggestions have been offered for the improvement of current hijab conditions in our society in the concluding part of the present study.

The Islamic Revolution of Iran is among the great revolutions of the world. The Islamic Revolution of Iran and the formation of the Islamic Republic system in Iran created a new cultural discourse which not only put an end to the inaction and lack of confidence of the Iranian nation but also that of a great chunk of the Muslims. It not only left an impact on the relations between the West and the Islamic countries and Muslims but also brought about change in the discourse of Islamic governments with their nations and Islamic groups. Due to this cultural change the Iranian nation moved from a quasi-modern Western and royal culture towards an Islamic-revolutionary culture with its own specific discourse. Due to this cultural change which can be called a cultural revolution, a new discourse was created which upset the one-sided cultural relations of Iran with the West whose outcome was the consolidation of the hegemony of the Western culture. This was achieved through presentation of the Western culture and production of new literature, political language and culture. This discourse, through reproduction of a new meaning system based on Islam and through identification of Muslims and otherization of the West, promoted its discourse among other nations. The revolution challenged many sociological theories about religion and secularism. The present paper is an attempt to discuss different cultural aspects of the Islamic Revolution and its impacts and characteristics through discourse analysis. Attempts have been made to make a brief comparison between the Islamic Revolution and the French Revolution to elaborate their differences and impacts and the creation of two modern and postmodern discourses.